Ill also talk a little on carbohydrate metabolism, which begins with digestion in the small intestine where monosaccharides are absorbed into the bloodstream. Blood sugar concentrations are controlled by three hormones: insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine. If the concentration of glucose in the blood is too high, insulin is secreted by the pancreas. Insulin stimulates the transfer of glucose into the cells, especially in the liver and muscles, although other organs are also able to metabolize glucose.
In the liver and muscles, most of the glucose is changed into glycogen by the process of glycogenesis (anabolism). Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles until needed at some later time when glucose levels are low. If blood glucose levels are low, then eqinephrine and glucogon hormones are secreted to stimulate the conversion of glycogen to glucose...
This process is called glycogenolysis (catabolism).
If glucose is needed immediately upon entering the cells to supply energy, it begins the metabolic process called glycoysis (catabolism). The end products of glycolysis are pyruvic acid and ATP.
Since glycolysis releases relatively little ATP, further reactions continue to convert pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA and then citric acid in the citric acid cycle. The majority of the ATP is made from oxidations in the citric acid cycle in connection with the electron transport chain.
During strenuous muscular activity, pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid rather thatn acetyl CoA. Durlng the resting period, the lactic acid is converted back to pyruvic acid. The pyruvic acid in turn is converted back to glucose by the process called gluconeogenesis (anabolism). If the glucose is not needed at that moment, it is converted into glycogen by glycogenesis. You can remember those terms if you think of "genesis" as the formation-beginning. These processes are summarized in the Metabolism Summary in the graphic on the left.
Now, here is a helpful tip on maximising the ratio of muscle GLUT4 and lowering adipose tissue GLUT4.
Green tea: It's pretty simple, drinking green tea has been shown to lower glucose transport into adipose tissue (fat cells) and increase glucose transport into skeletal muscle via GLUT4. So, green tea improves insulin sensitivity by increasing GLUT4 translocation in muscle tissue. Now, what does that mean? Quite simply you'll stay leaner and get leaner much easier because fat storage is minimised. Not only that, you'll train harder and longer because muscle glycogen is enhanced.
Omega 3 Fatty Acids: Along with many many other benefits it helps increase insulin sensitivity and improves glucose-insulin metabolism. Moreover; improve omega 6:3 balance by eating more omega 3's as it's very limited in western diets. You need to be getting a ratio closer to 1:1.
Fibre: Ingesting fibre slows the GI of that meal which will increase insulin sensitivity and dramatically slow the delivery of glucose into the blood. Mum really was right, eat your veggies!
Cinnamon: Among many other benefits like lowering bad cholesterol, cinnamon lowers blood sugar helping by the amount of insulin production in the body.
Vitamin E: It has been shown that people that have low vitamin E concentrations in their blood have a higher risk of insulin resistance.
Avoid process and fast food: Containing plenty of trans fats, nitrates and high GI carbs that reduce insulin sensitivity via different methods, limit these to cheat meals only.
- When you are insulin sensitive, glucose is more likely to be stored as glycogen in muscle tissue, rather than body fat. If you're not; more insulin is released and the more insulin coupled with carbs = more stored as body fat. The following supplements can help, either individually or combined. They are very useful because they are glucose disposal agents that make you more insulin sensitive and producing less insulin, promoting muscle growth and glycogen storage while minimizing fat gain from the carbs you eat:
- Biotin
- Chromium Picolinate
- Vanadyl Sulfate
- Gymnema Sylvestre
- Cinnamon Extract
- Ginger Root Extract
- Confused on the amounts or how to use, purchase this all in one capsule form: Click here.

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